Submergence coastlines

• Under the sea
• Flooded by transgression

Submergence landforms

• Rias
• Deep, sunken river valley drowned by the sea
• Form funnel shaped branching inlets, decreasing in depth and width inland
• Solva, Pembrokeshire, SW Wales
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• Fjords  
• Narrow, lengthened and steep marine trough which results from the invasion by the sea of a U-shaped valley dug by a glacier
• Sogne, West coast of Norway

A fjord is an inlet of the sea extending far inland between percipitate rock formations. The walls of rock enclosing the fjord continue far below the surface of the water. The mouth of the fjord is usually shallow. The greatest depths exist at locations far from the ocean.

Glaciers once covered almost one-third of the earth. The ice covering Norway during the Ice Ages was about 3.2 km thick. The polar glaciers that ripped the coastlines shaped Norway's fjords and gave them their distinctive characteristics. When the earth began to warm, the ice melted towards the Arctic, creating Norway's scenery. Fjord formation was also aided by sinking portions of the earth that flooded deep valleys near the sea.

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• Fjards
• Drowned glacial lowlands; occur in glaciated low relief areas, such ass western Scotland and north/west Ireland
• Bantry Bay, Ireland
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Emergence Coastlines

• Above sea
• Sea level regressed

Emergence landforms

• Raised beached
• These are remnants of former coastlines
• Portland, Dorset, 16 metres above sea level
• Isle of Arran
• 3 distinct raised beaches found at 8m, 15m and 30m above sea level due to isostatic movement
• Relic Cliffs
• As sea level drops leaves a new layer and an exposing cliff
• Coastal Plains
• Sedimentary rocks, deposited mostly in a marine environment can be uplifted to form a large, flat coastal plain