GEOG Unit 1 – Physical and Human Geography

The Physical Options

– Coastal Environments

• The Coastal system
• Constructive and destructive waves,tides, sediment sources and cells
• Wave Refraction

• Coastal Processes
• Marine erosion
• Transportation 
• Deposition
• Land based sub-aerial weathering
• Mass movement
• Run off 

• Landforms of erosion
• Headlands and bays
• Blow holes
• Arches and stacks
• Cliffs
• Wave cut platforms
• Landforms of deposition
• Beaches and associated features: berms, runnels, ripples and cusps, spits, bars, tombolos, dunes and salt marshes

• Case Study of coastal erosionThe Holderness Coast
• Specific physical and human causes
• Physical and socio-economic consequences
• Holbeck Hall Case Study 
• Barton-On-Sea  

• Sea Level Change
• Eustatic and Isostatic change
• Coastlines of submergence and emergence and associated landforms
• Impact of present and predicted sea level increase

• Case Study of coastal flooding 
• Towyn, Wales, 1990

• Coastal protection objectives and management strategies
• Hard engineering – sea walls, revetments, rip rap, groynes, gabions, cliff drainage, cliff modification and barrages
• Soft engineering – beach nourishment, dune regeneration, marsh creation, land use/activity management

• Case Studies of two contrasting areas:
• One where hard engineering has been dominant and one where soft engineering has been dominant.
• Investigate issues relating to coasts and benefits of schemes including the potential for sustainable management

• Keywords

• Examples Page...