GEOG Unit 1 – Physical and Human Geography

Core Human Section

– Population Change

• Population indicators – vital rates for countries at different stages of development:
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Fertility rate
• Infant mortality rate
• Changes over time
• Life expectancy
• Migration rate
• Population density
• Population Structure
• Natural Change
• Longevity

• Population change:
• The demographic transition model and its 5 stages
• Its validity and applicability in countries at different stages of development 
• Population Pyramids 

• Population structures at different stages of demographic transition.

• The impact of migration on population structure
• The implications of different structures for the imbalance between population and resources
• The pessimistic approach - Malthus
• The optimistic approach - Boserup

• Optimum Population, overpopulation and underpopulation
• Social, economic and political implications of population change
• Attempts to manage population change to achieve sustainable development with reference to Case Studies of countries at different stages of development:
• Case Study 1: China's one child policy
• Case Study 2: Slovenia and Norway

• The way population changes and migration affects the character of rural and urban areas.

• Settlement Case Studies – comparing two (or more) of the following areas:
• An inner city area
• A suburban area
• An area of rural/urban fringe
• An area of rural settlement
• Case Study 1: Newcastle , (Byker, Gosforth (castle ward), Longhorsley) 
• Case Study 2: _____________________

• Include reference to characteristics such as:
• Housing
• Ethnicity
• Age structures
• Wealth and employment
• The provision of services

• The implications of the above for social welfare

• Hoyt, Burgess and Ullmann and Harris models