Incised meanders are caused by rejuvenation. This happens when:

1. Sea level fall (e.g. in an ice age)
2. Land rises

An incised meanders forms as:

• There is an increase in vertical erosion.
• There is a decrease in lateral erosion.
• There were meanders in the lower course.
• Theses meanders are now further up river profile.
• River erodes more vertically because it is trying to reach an equilibrium.

EXAMPLES: Grand Canyon, USA.