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HELP ME!! QA

Page history last edited by Shaun Mason 13 years, 5 months ago

Have a Geography question that needs answering? Stuck on an area of the AS Geography course?

 

Ask your question below...

(Please write questions in bold and italics, the answers in standard text and mark questions and answers with a Q or an respectively)

 

Q: What is a blow hole?!?!?! (It sounds dirty)

 

A: A crack in the top of the cliff or any part of the cliff through which air and sea water blow.The blowhole is fed from the sea via joints and tunnels. 

 

Q: Which landforms do we need to know for coastal environments?

 

A: Spits, Bays, Headlands, Stack, Stump, Cave, Arch, Beach, Berm, Cusp, Ridges and Runnels, Bar, Tombolo, Fjard, Fjord, Rias, Relic cliffs, Raised beaches, Marine terraces, Barrier Beach, Wave cut platform, Offshore bar.

 

Q: How many case studies do we have for coasts?

Lots!! Coastal Environment Case Studies

 

 

Q.  What is the difference between a MEDC and a LEDC country?

 

A: An LEDC is a less economically developed country which means they usually have less facilities and money available to spend on things and they usually have a lower GDP. An example of this type of country would be Chad. An MEDC is a more economically developed country  , this means that they usually have more money to spend on things such as education and health care. These countries also tend to have a high GDP. An example of an MEDC is the UK or USA.

 

Q.  What are the schemes put in place to make transport more sustainable?

 

A. Park & Ride schemes, congestion charges in London, reduced road tax for green cars (hybrid, LPG...), scrappage scheme for old cars over 10 years old (which are less environmentally friendly) Cycle to work scheme, encourage use of public transport by improving public transport services (bus lanes to speed bus journey so don't get stuck in traffic). Remember to be able to discuss these in detail.  

 

Q. What's a sediment source?

 

A. Rivers entering the sea can deposit sediments at the coast, or eroded material from cliffs can also be deposited.

 

 

Q. Can someone please simplify the Lyme Regis study into what techniques they actually implemented, and how much it cost e.t.c? The actual page on here is really confusing!

 

They used mainly hard engineering... it's our hard engineering case study. However, there was some use of soft engineering (beach nourishment) which was to protect the sea wall as well as benefit the tourist industry there. Remember that they were selective in where they protected? The cliff to the East was not protected as it was only farmland, although the geology of the cliffs had some historical value... they were allowed to retreat. Most of the management was focused on the town as this is where most benefit was made by protecting the coast.

 

There were many cost benefits in terms of protecting the town that was already there. i.e. it was cheaper to protect the town than to rebuild the town as the sea advances. Other economic benefits included protecting the tourist industry there as potential income from tourism out weighed the cost of the coastal management. During the summer months the number of residents increases by another 14,000 (day visitors are not included). Management which would benefit tourists as well as protect the town included:

 

-more sand and shingle on the beach (41,000 tones of sand, 71,000 tones of shingle) This protected the sea wall from most waves except the most severe thus lasting longer as well as making the beach more attractive for tourists.

-new promenade

-increased shelter around the harbour

-improvements to cobb road

-access along the beach even at high tide

 

The total cost of management at Lyme Regis was £33million however the cost of properties, infrastructure and potential revenue was £191million. It was this cost benefit that the government needed in order to allow the management to go ahead.

 

 

Q; Can someone please explain the formation of a meander using the pools and riffles because i really dont understand them? Thanks :) 

remember you need to describe as well explain the formation...

Meanders are winding rivers that are main found in the lower and middle course. In general terms they are formed due to lateral erosion however there is some deposition involved to creates features such as point bars. Over time meanders may migrate laterally across the floodplain. Pools and riffles are needed in order for a meander to form. Riffles are areas of shallow water with increased friction thus leading to lower velocities which leads to decrease n erosion and increased deposition. Pools are areas of deep water that have faster flow (due to least friction/drag) as a result erosion takes place here. These are spaced at intervals 5 times the width of the river (pool to pool/ riffle to riffle). Where the outside of the bend will be is determined by where the pools form. The meander increases in sinuosity as this pool is eroded further laterally by hydraulic action and abrasion caused by the helicoidal flow (spiral/corkscrew flow) of the water as it passes from one bend to another (following the thalweg). The opposite side to the pool is the inside of the bend. This has slower velocity and therefore deposition occurs (usually sorted deposits) forming a point bar. 

 

 

 

 

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